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    The Development of Higher Education in the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China
  • The Development of Higher Education in the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China
    Centenary of the Communist Party of China Establishing a New Type of Higher Education: A Study of the Problem Historiography
    ZHOU Guangli; GONG Qinzheng
    2021, 37(05): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.01
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    Problem historiography holds that the task of history is to explain history, not to describe it. It advocates a holistic approach across disciplines, and advocates that the historical approach is to study change and stability. The higher education of any country is adapted to the cultural pattern of a country. The establishment of new higher education by the Communist Party of China in the past 100 years is a process of responding to the needs of society and taking root in the land of China to run universities. The “Chinese Mode” of higher education has evolved gradually under the unique history, unique culture and unique national conditions of China. We cannot truly understand contemporary Chinese universities without understanding the beliefs and values of the new type of higher education created by the Communist Party of China over the past 100 years. There are at least three origins of contemporary universities in China. The first is the “Yan’an Model”, which originated from Chinese classical academies and was inherited and innovated by Hunan Self-study University and Shanbei Public School. Second, the “Soviet Model” originated from the Roman tradition on the European continent and formed through the transformation and innovation of Renmin University of China in the 1950s. The third is the “American Model”, which originated from the Anglo-Saxon tradition and was introduced, absorbed and innovated by universities in the Republic of China. The “Yan’an Model” is a truly localized model.
  • The Development of Higher Education in the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China
    Development Logic and Historical Contribution of CPC’s Higher Education Thought: Based on the Theoretical Development and Policy Practice Since the CPC Came to Power
    LIU Guorui1,2
    2021, 37(05): 11-21. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.02
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    The higher education thought of the Communist Party of China inherits the basic principles of Marxist education theory, and it scientifically answers the important theoretical and practical questions such as the position, nature, purpose, motivation, mode and path of China’s socialist higher education. The formation and development of this ideological system is synchronized with the historical process of the Chinese nation from founding, becoming rich to becoming strong. It profoundly reflects the deepening of the party’s understanding of the law of human social development, socialist construction and the ruling law of the party. This ideological system conforms to the historical logic, practical logic and theoretical logic of cognitive law and China’s national conditions, and is the unity of epistemology, methodology and practical theory. It not only provides theoretical nutrition and scientific support for enriching Marxist educational principles, Mao Zedong Thought, socialism with Chinese characteristics and socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, but also provides ideological guidance and powerful impetus for promoting China’s socialist education practice.
    • High Quality Development of Higher Education
  • High Quality Development of Higher Education
    The Significance of Popularization of Higher Education from the Perspective of “Dual Circulation” Strategy in China
    BIE Dunrong
    2021, 37(05): 22-28. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.03
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    Popularization is the main trend of global higher education development in the 21st century. Promoting popularization to the middle and advanced stages is the main theme of future development of higher education in China, which includes not only the continuous expansion of the scale of higher education, but also more significant social equity, more perfect system, more coordinated relationship with economic and social development, and stronger social influence and contribution. From the perspective of “dual circulation” strategy, popularization development has both domestic and international significance. Internally, the deep development of popular higher education in China will not only enable more people to get education opportunities, but also further enlarge the function of higher education, so as to become the main engine of innovation driven development in industry and the power source of stimulating internal circulation development. Externally, the development of popular higher education will help China to better smoothen the external circulation, implement a larger, wider and deeper opening-up setup, expand the connection between economic and social development and the world, develop a new global partnership, and strengthen the construction of a community of shared future for mankind.
    • Research and Exploration
  • Research and Exploration
    Evolution from Single Functional University to Modern Research Multiversity: Exploration on the Semantics and Characteristics of Clark Kerr’s “Multiversity”
    ZHANG Wei1,2
    2021, 37(05): 29-35. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.04
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    In 110th anniversary of Clark Kerr’s birth(1911-2003), it is necessary to explore the translation and semantic meaning of “multiversity”, to review the evolution process of research university, and to identify the characteristics of plural objects, functions, and structure, as well as administration and governance of multiversity and diversified higher education. Currently, the average scale of China’s university is much larger than that of America, it should avoid focusing on the presentation of multiversity’s scale, develop new type of research university and applied undergraduate college, so as to contribute to the construction of high-quality education system.
  • Research and Exploration
    How to Improve the Efficiency of University Governance: A Comparative Analysis About the Key Governance Elements of Four World-Class Research Universities
    ZHANG Lina
    2021, 37(05): 36-42. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.05
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    This paper conducts case analysis on four world-class research universities which achieved outstanding governance , such as Technical University of Berlin(Germany), University of California, Berkeley(USA), Purdue University(USA), Kyoto University(Japan). Through interviews with administrators and faculty, firsthand material is collected, and cases are analyzed from the dimensions of the organizational structure, decision-making system, the power list. The case study shows that there are three key elements(organizational structure, decision-making system and power list) in the governance of four world-class research universities that are worth learning for Chinese universities. First, a stable and applicable organizational structure tamps the foundation of university governance structure; Second, in the decision-making process of university governance, an effective authorization system should be implemented to ensure that all kinds of governance committees play their roles; Third, the management boundary of university(departments) should be clear, and the formation of power list system should be promoted, so as to standardize and support the autonomy of university(departments). Looking forward to the development of China’s university governance under the modern university system, this paper proposes that it is necessary to combine China’s national conditions and the governance experience of world-class research universities to explore the organizational structure, decision-making system and power list which are suitable for China’s universities. It aims to improve the efficiency of university governance in China, and provide reference and corresponding governance strategies for the high-quality development of China’s higher education.
  • Research and Exploration
    Does Being a First-Generation College Student Hinder Students’ Career Development: An Empirical Study Based on the Beijing College Students Panel Survey
    SUN Ran; LIANG Wenyan
    2021, 37(05): 43-49. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.06
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    Using the data from the Beijing College Students Panel Survey, and under the framework of the cultural reproduction theory and the social selection hypothesis, this study defines the undergraduates’ career development as the acquisition of multi-dimensional capital during the study period and the acquisition of higher education opportunities after graduation, and comprehensively investigates whether being first-generation college students will hinder their career development. The results show that compared with non-first-generation college students, first-generation college students do not fall behind in the acquisition of human capital and social capital, and even have an advantage in the acquisition of political capital. This finding is consistent with social selection hypothesis. Compared with non-first-generation college students, first-generation college students are less willing to study further, less likely to go to graduate school and study abroad after graduation, which is consistent with the cultural reproduction theory. Therefore, disadvantaged family backgrounds hinder the career development of the first-generation college students mainly for it may limit their pursuit of higher level and higher quality educational opportunities.
  • Research and Exploration
    Changes in Overseas Education: Reflections and Countermeasures on the Development of University Education Internationalization in the Post-Epidemic Period
    XU Lin1,2; CAI Yonglian1
    2021, 37(05): 50-55. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.07
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    In the post-epidemic period, “overseas education” tends to be rational, and the general public’s demand for receiving international education in China is growing rapidly. It is a rare opportunity to promote the connotative development of the internationalization of China’s higher education. From the point of view of current situation and challenges of the internationalization of higher education under the background of the post-epidemic era, this article is based on the establishment of a “dual circulation” development pattern in which domestic economic cycle plays a leading role while international economic cycle remains its extension and supplement, combined with the application of “Internationalization at Home” theory. It proposes four major countermeasures in terms of service system, team system, education model, and integration of humanistic education and internationalization. And it promotes the quality and efficiency of the internationalization of higher education so as to strongly enhance the ability of China participating in international competition while continuing to construct a nation of powerful higher education.
    • Educational Rule of Law
  • Educational Rule of Law
    Research on “Soft Legal Provisions” in the Higher Education Law of the People’s Republic of China
    LIAN Rui1,2; WEI Yuening2
    2021, 37(05): 56-62. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.08
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    According to the differences of conjunctions and semantic analysis, the legal provisions of higher education law can be divided into “soft law provisions”, “semi soft law provisions” and “hard law provisions”. According to statistics, “soft law provisions” account for 68.84%, and “semi soft law provisions” account for 29.71%, far exceeding the average proportion of other laws. In practice, “soft law clause” is not really “soft”. Although it lacks penalty mechanism in logical elements, it realizes “self redemption” by creating “binding force”, and externalizes into “power led” implementation mode, “policy assisted” implementation mode and “resource guided” implementation mode. In the new era, we should add “legal liability” to the higher education law, construct the orderly transformation mechanism of “soft law clauses” and “hard law clauses”, and set up the special enforcement mechanism of “soft law clauses”.
  • Educational Rule of Law
    The Examination and Rectification of the Term-Limit-Promotion Clauses in the Employment Contract of University Teachers
    ZENG Pingjiang1; ZHANG Chongsheng2
    2021, 37(05): 63-69. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.09
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    As an important system of employment system reform in modern colleges and universities, the term of promotion has caused many controversies in theory and practice. After examining the legality and rationality of the article, there are some problems in the form of the article, the difficulty of changing the rules and the difficulty of remedy, as well as some essential problems such as the conflict between university autonomy and legal justice, the contradiction between promotion rules and academic development. Based on this, the article should be corrected by the rule of law in stages, that is, the process of information disclosure, clause content and promotion standard determination should be legalized in the conclusion of the contract. In the implementation of the provisions of change, amendment and teacher dismissal procedures of the rule of law. Achieve the campus appeal in the right remedy, administrative reconsideration, the judicial litigation and administrative compensation relief under the rule of law.
    • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    Excellent Adventurers: An Analysis of Career Choice and Path of Chinese Postdoctoral Researchers
    SHEN Wenqin; XU Dandong
    2021, 37(05): 70-78. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.10
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    With the increasing number of doctors, postdoctoral positions are becoming more and more common in China. But what factors affect postdoctoral career choice and the postdocs’ career paths need to be explored. Based on the survey data of 1 533 doctoral graduates from 13 universities in China, this paper analyzes the career trajectories of 373 postdoctoral fellows after graduation of Ph.D. It is found that postdoctoral fellows generally have excellent academic performance during their doctoral study period. Most of postdocs work in colleges and universities finally, more than half of them enter elite academic institutions, and many postdoctoral fellows return to the universities that awarded them doctoral degrees. The above findings indicate that postdoctoral positions have become an important way for excellent doctors to obtain academic positions in universities, especially in elite ones, but the phenomenon of academic “inbreeding” is worthy of further study. In addition, there are still some postdoctoral fellows who have not entered universities or elite academic institutions, so compared with doctors who directly employed, they have spend more years to face the uncertainty of career. Future research needs to pay more attention to postdoctoral work experience, so as to provide support for the improvement of postdoctoral work and training quality.
  • Academic Degree and Graduate Education
    The Influence of Challenge-Obstacle Scientific Research Stress on Postgraduate Psychological Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Achievement Motivation and Self-Efficacy
    YAO Hao1; MA Lichao2
    2021, 37(05): 79-85. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.11
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    With the increasing quality of graduate training, graduate students are facing increasing pressure on scientific research, which also leads to the general anxiety among graduate students. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 095 graduate students in colleges and universities in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai provinces. The structural equation model was used to test the effect of challenging and hindering scientific research stress on anxiety of graduate students and its mechanism. The results show that: in terms of the overall effect, challenging research stress has a negative impact on anxiety of graduate students, while hindering research stress has a positive impact on anxiety. In terms of the mediating effect, challenging research stress alleviates anxiety by stimulating achievement motivation and improving self-efficacy, while obstructing research stress induces or aggravates anxiety by inhibiting achievement motivation and reducing self-efficacy. Therefore, it is suggested that university administrators and graduate supervisors identify the differentiated impact brought by different pressure sources, adjust the allocation of research tasks according to the research ability and interest of graduate students, and avoid the negative emotions brought by research pressure by enriching academic communication resources, simplifying research management procedures and creating a good research environment.
    • Curriculum and Teaching Reform
  • Curriculum and Teaching Reform
    On the Characteristics and Ways of Physical Education Reform in Universities: An Empirical Study on the Winning Projects of Past State-Level Teaching Awards
    LIANG Wei; MAO Changming; CHEN Kezheng
    2021, 37(05): 86-91. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.12
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    Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the winning projects of past state-level teaching awards in the field of physical education in China’s universities, we found that the proportion of sports science awards is relatively small, most of the award-winning universities are in the east, and the regional development is unbalanced, the reform achievements are mainly completed by universities independently. Different types of universities pay attention to the theme of physical education reform is quite different, the teaching reform of physical education universities pays more attention to the fields of professional physical education, physical education personnel training and curriculum and textbook construction; normal universities focus on the construction of curriculum and teaching materials; while the research topics of other universities are mostly concentrated on the field of public physical education. The reform of physical education in universities should be guided by general secretary Xi Jinping’s important exposition on education and sports. The main contents of the reform should be based on moral education, deeply explore the ideological and political elements of physical education curriculum, focus on “teaching, diligent training and regular competition”, establish lifelong sports thought, strengthen scientific and effective fitness guidance, comprehensively improve the school running conditions and enhance the level of sports teaching guarantee. It is advisable to adopt the method of pilot project first, classified promotion, and the means of strengthening top-level design and “high-level promotion”.
    • Higher Vocational Education
  • Higher Vocational Education
    The Connotation and Path of Higher Vocational Education Integration of Different Levels from the Perspective of International Comparison
    WU Xiangming1; DU Xuewen1; SUN Liya2
    2021, 37(05): 92-97. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.13
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    The development of higher vocational education integration of different levels in line with the needs and characteristics of the industry is an important part of the action plan for improving the quality and training of vocational education, and it is also an important measure for the construction of modern vocational education system with Chinese characteristics. The convergence of college degree, bachelor’s degree and graduate degree has become the key to the implementation of the policy. This paper reveals the educational connotation of the higher vocational education integration from three dimensions of system connection, industrial transformation and skill matching. On this basis, we can learn from the experience of the United States, Britain, Germany, Australia and other developed countries on the link between post-secondary vocational education and high-level vocational education. Eventually, we may expound the realization path of the integration the post-secondary and higher vocational education from three aspects: completing the national qualification framework, perfecting the college entrance examination of vocational education and optimizing the course connection system.
  • Higher Vocational Education
    Constructing a School-Enterprise Community of Destiny: Implications of the Times, Realistic Dilemmas and Path Choices
    GE Xiaobo
    2021, 37(05): 98-102. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.14
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    Constructing a school-enterprise community of destiny and deepening the integration of production and education are inevitable requirements for higher vocational colleges to cultivate high-quality labor and technical skills. The construction of a school-enterprise community of shared destiny faces problems such as the fact that policy synergy has not yet been formed, the institutional mechanism still needs to be improved, and it is difficult for schools and enterprises to reach a cooperative “common vision” due to the nature of the organization. It is necessary to promote the construction of a school-enterprise community of shared future through the formation of policy synergy, the improvement of long-term mechanisms for cooperation interests, and the exploration of diverse forms of cooperation.
  • Higher Vocational Education
    The Target Framework and System Supply of the Legalization of School-Enterprise Cooperation: Analysis Based on the Perspective of Right
    XIAO Fengxiang; WANG Heng’an
    2021, 37(05): 103-108. https://doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2021.05.15
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    Promoting the in-depth development of school-enterprise cooperation at the legal level has become an important issue for vocational education in the new era. It is the fundamental significance of the legalization of school-enterprise cooperation to clarify the right, obtain the right, protect the right, and finally realize the right. From the perspective of right, the three-dimensional goal framework of the legalization of school-enterprise cooperation is that the content of right has laws to follow, the way of obtaining right has rules to follow, and the security system is powerful. In order to achieve these goals, we need to specify the basic content of right, implement the right sharing mechanism, and improve the right protection system, and finally promote the rule of law road of school-enterprise cooperation with strong system supply.
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