利用美国教育考试服务中心开发的批判性思维标准化测量工具，面向国内某所“双一流”建设高校本科生开展批判性思维能力追踪调查，并探究各类高影响力教育实践对批判性思维能力的影响。研究发现，中国顶尖高校本科生批判性思维能力优于美国学生的整体水平，但呈现“多高原少高峰”的特征；家庭背景好、理工科和跨学科专业的本科生批判性思维能力显著更强；在各类高影响力教育实践活动中，本科生科研和研究方法类课程能显著促进本科生批判性思维能力提升，且不同类型的实践对不同类型学生的批判性思维能力具有异质性影响，鼓励和支持本科生提高在上述活动中的参与是有效提升批判性思维能力的重要途径。

Based on the HEIghten critical thinking standardized measurement tool developed by ETS, this study carries out a follow-up survey of critical thinking ability for undergraduates in a Chinese top “Double First-Class” construction university, and explores the influence of various high-impact educational practices on critical thinking level. The results show that undergraduates’ average critical thinking ability in the Chinese top university is better than undergraduates in the United States. The better undergraduates’ family background, the stronger their critical thinking ability. Critical thinking ability of undergraduates in science and engineering or interdisciplinary majors is better. Undergraduates’ research training and writing intensive course can significantly improve undergraduates’ critical thinking ability. Different types of practice have heterogeneous effects on different types of students’ critical thinking ability. Encouraging and supporting undergraduates to improve their participation in the above activities is an important way to effectively improve their critical thinking ability.